Tuesday, November 29, 2011

Care este rolul de Carbon 14 pentru determinarea Data


Care este rolul de Carbon 14 pentru determinarea Data

Carbon există în natură sub forma a trei izotopi principale - C12, C13, în cazul în care ambele sunt stabile, C14 şi care este instabil sau radioactive. C12 constituie 98.89%, C13 - 1,11% în timp ce C14 - reprezintă doar 0.00000000010%.

Aceasta înseamnă că un atom de carbon 14 există în natură pentru fiecare 1.000.000.000.000 atomi de C12 în materie vie.

Deoarece 14C este instabil se descompune înapoi la azot n14 de la care a fost format în atmosfera superioară, şi cum se dezintegreaza el emite o particulă beta slab (b), sau de electroni, care posedă o energie medie de 160keV. Descompunere pot fi afişate:

14C   => 14n   +  b

Libby, Anderson şi Arnold (1949) au fost primii care măsura rata de această dezintegrare. Ei au descoperit că, după 5568 ani, jumătate din C14 în proba originală va avea putrede şi după un alt 5568 ani, jumătate din această material rămase vor fi dezintegrat, şi aşa mai departe. Timpul de înjumătăţire (t 1 / 2) este numele dat la această valoare care Libby măsurată la 5568 ± 30 de ani. Aceasta a devenit cunoscut sub numele de Libby timp de înjumătăţire.

Cu toate acestea, utilizarea acestui phenonemon este limitat la 50 - 60 000 ani adică 10 de înjumătăţire. După 10 de înjumătăţire plasmatică, există o cantitate foarte mica de carbon radioactiv prezente într-un eşantion. Dincolo de aproximativ 50 - 60 000 de ani, apoi, limita de tehnica este atins, şi alte tehnici radiometrice trebuie utilizate.

14C se formează în straturile superioare ale atmosferei prin efectul de neutroni razelor cosmice asupra azot 14. Reacţie este:

14n   +  n   =>  14C   +  p

În cazul în care n este un neutron şi p este un proton.

14C format se oxidează rapid în 14CO2 şi intră plantelor pământului şi lifeways animale prin fotosinteză şi a lanţului alimentar.

Plante şi animale care utilizeaza carbon în foodchains biologice dura până 14C în timpul vieţii lor. Ele există în echilibru cu concentraţia C14 din atmosfera, care este, numărul de atomi de C14 şi non-atomi de carbon radioactiv, rămâne aproximativ acelaşi timp. De îndată ce o plantă sau animal moare, ele încetează funcţia metabolice de absorbţie de carbon; nu există nici o intaking mai mult de carbon radioactiv, degradare numai.

Prin măsurarea concentraţiei C14 sau radioactivitate reziduală a unui eşantion a cărui vârstă nu este cunoscut, este posibil să se obţină countrate sau numărul de evenimente descompunere pe gram de carbon. Prin compararea cu acest nivel de activitate şi modern folosind măsurat timpul de înjumătăţire devine posibil să se calculeze o dată pentru moartea a probei.

Libby si echipa sa au testat iniţial metoda radiocarbon pe probe de la preistorice Egipt. Ei au ales probe a căror vârstă ar putea fi stabilită independent. Un eşantion din lemn de salcâm din mormântul lui Faraon Zoser, 3 Dinastia, 2700-2600 BC a fost obţinută şi datat. Libby motivat că, deoarece timpul de înjumătăţire a C14 a fost 5568 ani, acestea ar trebui să obţină o concentraţie C14 de aproximativ 50%, ceea ce a fost găsit în viaţă lemn. Rezultatele obţinute au indicat acest lucru a fost cazul.

Tehnica C14 a fost şi continuă să fie aplicate şi utilizate în multe domenii, multe diferite, inclusiv hidrologie, stiinta atmosferice,, geologie oceanografie, palaeoclimatology, arheologie şi biomedicina.

Mai târziu, măsurători ale Libby de înjumătăţire a indicat cifra a fost de cca. 3%, prea mic şi mai precisă de înjumătăţire a fost 5730 ± 40 de ani. Acest lucru este cunoscut sub numele de Cambridge jumătate de viaţă. (Pentru a converti o "Libby", vârstă la o vârstă folosind jumătate Cambridge-viaţă, trebuie să se înmulţeşte cu 1.03).

Libby a primit Premiul Nobel în Chimie în 1960.

Radiocarbon Labs:

The only daughter of Soviet tyrant Josef Stalin dies at 85

The only daughter of Soviet tyrant Josef Stalin dies at 85

The only daughter of Soviet dictator Josef Stalin has died of colon cancer in a US care home, aged 85.
The only daughter and last surviving child of the brutal Soviet tyrant Josef Stalin finds rest after a troubled and relatively long life.

She carried three names through this long life. At her birth, on Feb. 28, 1926, she was named Svetlana Stalina, Later she changed her name to her mothers name. Then she got the name Lana Peters after her husband.

The darkest moment of her childhood came when her mother, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, Stalin’s second wife, committed suicide in 1932. Svetlana, who was 6, was told that her mother had died of appendicitis. She did not learn the truth for a decade.

She was raised by a nanny with whom she grew close after her mother's death in 1932.  Peters was Stalin's only daughter. She had two brothers, Vasili and Jacob. Jacob was captured by the Nazis in 1941 and died in a concentration camp. Vasili died an alcoholic at age 40.

She wanted to study literature at Moscow University, but Stalin demanded that she study history. She graduated from Moscow University in 1949, initially she was teaching Soviet literature and the English language. Then She worked as a literary translator.

In her teenage years, her father was consumed by the war with Germany and grew distant and sometimes abusive. One of her brothers, Yakov, was captured by the Nazis, who offered to exchange him for a German general. Stalin refused, and Yakov was killed.
He was born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili. After he died in 1953, she took her mother’s last name, Alliluyeva. In 1970, after her defection and an American marriage, she became and remained Lana Peters. In her memoirs she told of how Stalin had sent her first love, a Jewish filmmaker, to Siberia for 10 years.

Her defection from the Soviet Union in 1967 was a propaganda coup for the US. She wrote four books, including two best-selling memoirs. She said her defection was partly motivated by the Soviet authorities' poor treatment of Brijesh Singh, an Indian communist whom she had a relationship with.

Peters went to India in 1966 to spread Singh's ashes, but instead of returning to the Soviet Union she walked into a US embassy to seek political asylum. Instead, she walked unannounced into the U.S. embassy in New Delhi and asked for political asylum. After a brief stay in Switzerland, she flew to the U.S. Although she later referred to Singh as her husband, the two were never allowed to marry. She burned her passport, denouncing communism and her father, whom she called "a moral and spiritual monster".

Upon her arrival in New York City in 1967, the 41-year-old said: "I have come here to seek the self-expression that has been denied me for so long in Russia." She said she had come to doubt the communism she was taught growing up and believed there weren't capitalists or communists, just good and bad human beings. She had also found religion and believed "it was impossible to exist without God in one's heart."

She wrote three books during her lifetime, including the best-selling memoir,Twenty Letters to a Friend. Her first memoir, Twenty Letters to a Friend, was published in 1967 and made more than $2.5m. In the book, she recalled her father, who died in 1953 after ruling the nation for 29 years, as a distant and paranoid man. "He was a very simple man. Very rude. Very cruel," Peters told the Wisconsin State Journal in a rare interview in 2010. "There was nothing in him that was complicated. He was very simple with us. He loved me and he wanted me to be with him and become an educated Marxist."

While Peters denounced her father's regime, she also blamed other communist party leaders for the Soviet Union's policy of sending millions to labour camps.

Perhaps this is what made Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin to denounce Peters as a "morally unstable" and "sick person."


On the other hand, Lana Peters bemoaned the constant association with her father Stalin. "People say, 'Stalin's daughter, Stalin's daughter,' meaning I'm supposed to walk around with a rifle and shoot the Americans," she once said. "Or they say, 'No, she came here. She is an American citizen.' That means I'm with a bomb against the others. "No, I'm neither one. I'm somewhere in between. That 'somewhere in between' they can't understand."

Peters had lived on-and-off in the United States since famously defecting from the Soviet Union in 1967. Fourteen years after her father’s death, Peters traveled from the Soviet Union to India, where she unexpectedly arrived at the U.S. embassy and begged for political asylum. She arrived in the United States one month later, settling in Princeton, N.J., and denouncing the Soviet Union.

Married four times, Peters had two children in Russia, Josef and Yekaterina, from her first two marriages, and one child, Olga, from her fourth marriage.

In the United States, she married William Wesley Peters, an architect who studied under Frank Lloyd Wright. They were married from 1970 to 1973 and had one daughter. The two later divorced, and the couple’s daughter, Olga, accompanied her mother back to the Soviet Union in 1984. There, she renounced all of her criticism of the Soviet Union and was granted citizenship once again. But Peters and Olga moved back to the United States two years later.

Her son, Joseph, died in 2008. Her daughter Yekaterina is a scientist who lives in Siberia, while her American daughter, Olga, lives in Portland, Ore., under the name Chrese Evans. In 2010, Peters told the Wisconsin State Journal that she enjoyed living in Wisconsin, and talked to her daughter almost every night on the phone.

Ms. Peters was said to have lived in a cabin with no electricity in northern Wisconsin; another time, in a Roman Catholic convent in Switzerland. In 1992, she was reported to be living in a shabby part of West London in a home for elderly people with emotional problems.

“You can’t regret your fate,” Ms. Peters once said, “although I do regret my mother didn’t marry a carpenter.”

Strangely enough, her death, like the last years of her life, occurred away from public view. There were just hints of it online and in Richland Center, the Wisconsin town in which she lived, though a local funeral home said to be handling the burial would not confirm the death.

Sources:
huffingtonpost
ABC News
BBC News
NYTimes.com
FT.com
rt.com
TODAY'S TMJ4
Stuff.co.nz
ABC News

Technologií obnovitelných zdrojů: výroba a přenos


Technologií obnovitelných zdrojů: výroba a přenos

Obnovitelná energie je důležité, aby každé zemi na světě. Na rozdíl od jiných technologií, spolupráce mezi zeměmi v oblasti obnovitelných zdrojů energie je větší důraz na hospodářskou soutěž. V jiných oblastech generaci technologie může probíhat v jedné zemi a transfer této technologie je možné zcela zabránit, jako je tomu v případě technologie výroby v oblastech souvisejících s výzbrojí.

1-Technologický transfer zahrnuje širokou škálu interakcí mezi univerzitami, vysokými školami a dalšími výzkumnými ústavy na jedné straně a průmyslu, malých podniků organismů a jiných koncových uživatelů na opačné straně. Skládá se zveřejněním výzkumu, dodávky seminářů, Fakulta poradenství a předávání dovedností a znalostí. Nové myšlenky a vynálezy jsou koncipovány tak, každý den v laboratořích a učebnách různých vysokých škol, výzkumných ústavů, a R & D oddělení ve společnosti a korporace, ale skutečným problémem je stěhování těchto inovací se do většinové společnosti, kde se mohou využívat ve veřejném zájmu a vynakládat peníze, které mohou být znovu dodávána do výzkumu proudu.

2-Kdo vytváří technologie
Technologie je generována vědci a výzkumné skupiny na univerzitách, vysokých škol a dalších výzkumných ústavů kromě R & D oddělení v průmyslu a dalších koncových uživatelů organismy.

3-Jak se generace technologie se koná
Existuje několik přístupů k migraci příslušných akademických a univerzitních technologií pro průmysl. Nejdůležitějším zdrojem úspěšné univerzity transfer technologií, obvykle mezi odvětví výzkumu a vývoje pracovníků a univerzitních zaměstnanců probíhá prostřednictvím osobních kontaktů mezi univerzitami a průmyslem vynálezců. Častým příkladem zahrnuje firmy pracovníků výzkumu a vývoje, který se stane, aby se seznámili s prací určité skupiny, univerzitního výzkumu a najde podílí technologie vhodné pro vývoj produktů. Tak, navazování kontaktů na vysokých školách (buď sami nebo prostřednictvím vynálezci absolventy, kteří mohou být nyní pracuje v průmyslu), je významným výchozím bodem pro úspěšný transfer technologií. O zřízení a udržování takového vztahu, může společnost vyvíjet pokračující povědomí o činnosti výzkumné univerzity, zatímco Research Group získá efektivní kanál pro uvedení na trh nové technologie. To má za následek výrazný posun do více aplikovaného výzkumu.

Rozvoj vztahů s příslušnými odborníky výzkumu na vysokých školách se mohou začít navazování osobních kontaktů na univerzitách v související odborné konference, nebo tím, že staví delší historii fakulty interakce s průmyslem sponzorství prostřednictvím výzkumných grantů a smluv. Postgraduální studenty a absolventy univerzity, kteří ukončili své tituly a přijatých pozic v průmyslu jsou dalším významným zdrojem kontaktů výzkumných pracovníků.

Patentové rešerše a rutinní sledování dostupných technologií Univerzity současné dalším důležitým zdrojem pro transfer tech vede. Transfer technologií kanceláře obvykle nabízejí on-line zdrojů, které průmysl může využít k hledání příležitostí pro licencování týkající se daného podniku. Po identifikaci cílené technologie společnosti může obrátit přímo na příslušné licenční důstojníky a členy fakulty.



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Ar Saudo moterims nutraukti prieš moteris draudimas vairuotojo

Ar Saudo moterims nutraukti prieš moteris draudimas vairuotojo

Saudo moteris, kurie grįžo į Saudo Arabiją, prieš dvejus metus buvo linkusios pradėti vairuoti iš karto. Ji atrado save įstrigo namuose su dviem automobiliais, tačiau ne kaip jos vyras vairuotojas ir vyriausias sūnus buvo tiek toli. "Bet aš laukiau reikiamu laiku; Aš laukė kitos ponios eiti pirmasis" sako ji. Kadangi nė vienas įžengė į priekį, ji nusprendė, kad dabar yra momentas.

S. Najla Hariri turi vairuotojo pažymėjimą iš abiejų Egiptu ir Libanu iš savo laiko, gyvenančių užsienyje, ir taip pat turi tarptautinį pažymėjimą, kad ji naudoja, kai ji vairuojantis Europoje. Penkerių motina vyrui paramą ir sako, kad jos dukterų ir jų draugai yra labai didžiuojasi savo. Ji žino, tačiau, kad ji galėtų būti nutrauktas bet kuriuo momentu policija.

Vienas iš teisės Saudo moterims, atimta vairuoja. Dėl to yra apie keturis milijonus užsienio vairuotojų šalyje ir Saudo moterų norėtų atsikratyti jų ir vairuoti patys.

Tai yra dalis Saudo tradicijos apie moteris. Visos moterys, nepriklausomai nuo amžiaus, privalo turėti vyrų globėjas. Moterys negali balsuoti ar būti išrinkti į aukštas politines pareigas. Saudo Arabija yra vienintelė šalis pasaulyje, kuri draudžia moterims vairuoti. Saudo Arabija užima 130. Iš 134 šalių lyčių lygybės. Tai buvo vienintelė šalis, rezultatas nulinis politines teises kategorijoje.

Saudo visuomenės pasireiškia jo lyties taisyklės iš šariato (islamo teisė) ir genčių kultūra. Arabijos pusiasalis yra protėvių namų klajoklių genčių, kurių skyrium vyrų ir moterų turi daryti su garbe.

Nors kai kurios moterys prieš tai yra įrodymų, kad daugelis Saudo Arabijoje moterims, nenoriu radikalesnių pokyčių. Net ir daugelis pasisako už reformą apibūdinti užsienio šalių kritikai, kaip nesugeba suprasti Saudo visuomenės unikalumą.

Oponentai moterų vairavimo teigia, kad tai saugesnis moterys turi į juos automobilių vyrų, ir kad jie būtų pagerbti jų moterys yra atleidžiamos nuo vairuotojo kamieno.

Šiuo Ji sako: "Jie meluoja sau," atsakymus S. Hariri ryžtingai. "Jis yra saugesnis, kad moterys galėtų vairuoti patys. Mes turime keturių milijonų užsienio vairuotojai [šalyje] ir mes norėtume, kad atsikratyti jų ir vairuoti save."

Najla Hariri iššūkis Saudo visuomenė yra dalis platesnės pastangos skatinti moteris aktyviau dalyvauti visai visuomenei.



Daugiau informacijos rasite:
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Tuesday, November 15, 2011

The birth of a money making machine : linkedin.com

The birth of a money making machine : linkedin.com
how linkedin started?


Linkedin was founded by Reid Hoffman in 2003. Hoffman earned a Master’s degree in Philosophy from Oxford University, where he was a Marshall Scholar, and a Bachelor’s degree in Symbolic Systems from Stanford University, where he graduated with distinction. At Stanford and Oxford universities he studied  cognitive science, artificial intelligence and philosophy. As he says, he always had an interest in how to improve people's ecosystems, whether it's civics or education or economics.

Usually University graduates who are graduated with distinction have the first objective or plan to become a scholar, and Reid Hoffman was not an exception. But he started to change his mind, because as he says, if you become a scholar and publish in an area, only 50 people or like will read it.

Thus he worked for Apple and then Fujitsu before starting Socialnet, an early social-networking site. He didn't agree with the direction it was going, so he talked to Peter Thiel, the co-founder of PayPal, whom he knew from Stanford. He said, "Come join us. Help us at PayPal." And Reid Hoffman joined PayPal.

17. REID HOFFMAN *

At PayPal he was responsible for all external relationships, including payments infrastructure, business development, international, government and legal. Reid was instrumental to PayPal’s acquisition by Ebay and responsible for partnerships with Intuit, Visa, MasterCard and Wells Fargo.

Hoffman all the time was aware, how the Internet could empower all these individuals to establish profiles online so that people can find them. You'd be able to use your network to get access to people to better chart your path. So he used the money from PayPal to fund LinkedIn. He basically sketched out what he thought the product would be, assembled the business model, and then started hiring people.

In fact, if anyone knows the value of connections, it's Reid Hoffman. In May 2003, the former Apple Inc. and PayPal executive launched LinkedIn out of his living room, inviting 350 of his contacts to join his network and create their own profiles. By the end of that month, LinkedIn had 4,500 members.

The company was founded by Reid Hoffman and founding team members from PayPal and Socialnet.com. The are Allen Blue, Eric Ly, Jean-Luc Vaillant, Lee Hower, Konstantin Guericke, Stephen Beitzel, David Eves, Ian McNish, Yan Pujante, and Chris Saccheri. In 2003 they got financing from Sequoia Capital, and they started to get more and more people into their service. Everyone began to realize the value.

Among the initial applications LinkedIn allowed members to display books they are reading, and allowed members to display their latest blog postings within their LinkedIn profile. In November 2010, LinkedIn allowed businesses to list products and services on company profile pages; it also permitted LinkedIn members to "recommend" products and services and write reviews. LinkedIn also supports the formation of interest groups, and as of March 24, 2011 there are 870,612 such groups whose membership reaches to 377,000. The majority of the largest groups are employment related, while a very wide range of topics are also covered. Such groups are mainly around professional and career issues, and there are currently 128,000 groups for both academic and corporate alumni.

In June 2008, Sequoia Capital, Greylock Partners, and other venture capital firms purchased a 5% stake in the company for $53 million, giving the company a post-money valuation of approximately $1 billion. As of November 3, 2011, LinkedIn operates the world’s largest professional network on the Internet with more than 135 million members in over 200 countries and territories. Fifty-nine percent of LinkedIn members are currently located outside of the United States.

In fact members from all countries and territories are allowed except members from Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, or Syria. LinkedIn says: "As such, and as a matter of corporate policy, we do not allow member accounts or access to our site from Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, or Syria.

Based on third quarter 2011 metrics, LinkedIn members are on pace to do more than four billion searches on the LinkedIn platform in 2011. According to comScore, unique visitors (including members and non-members) averaged 87.6 million in the quarter. In September, LinkedIn ranked as the 34th most visited website worldwide, according to comScore, up from 54th just one year ago. ComScore measured 7.6 billion page views in the third quarter. This includes 135m+ professionals around the world as of November 3, 2011

Total revenue advanced 126 percent year on year to $139 million. This was the eighth straight quarter of accelerating top line growth and fifth straight quarter of more than 100 percent growth. Hiring Solutions revenue was $71.0 million, increasing 160 percent compared to the year ago period. In the quarter, hiring solutions comprised 51 percent of total revenues compared to 44 percent last year.
Marketing Solutions revenue was $40.1 million, increasing 113 percent compared to the prior year. Premium Subscriptions revenues ended the quarter at $28.4 million, up 81 percent year-over-year.

Reid Hoffman and Jeff Weiner have been named the Ernst & Young National Entrepreneur Of The Year 2011 Overall Award winners. Hoffman and Weiner were recognized for utilizing their complementary gifts to work in the pursuit of a common cause, that is to connect professionals around the globe in ways never before imagined. 

Reid Hoffman Picture

Monday, November 7, 2011

Tiedemies saada kansallista aateliset kanssa merinisäkkäiden myrkkyjä

Tiedemies saada kansallista aateliset kanssa merinisäkkäiden myrkkyjä

Susan Shaw on tunnustettava hänen työssään Persianlahden öljyvahinko ja myrkkyjä merinisäkkäitä.

Ympäristön toksikologi, Shaw on opiskellut kertyminen teollisuuskemikaalien hylkeistä ja muista merinisäkkäistä pitkin Mainen rannikkoa useita vuosikymmeniä.

Hänen huippuluokan työ on voittanut hänet mainetta tiedeyhteisön ja huomiota yleisön, onko todistuksensa ennen Maine lainsäätäjät vaaroista laajalti käytetty palonsuoja-tai sukellus lähellä Syvänmeren Horizon öljypäästö Persianlahden Meksikon tutkia sen vaikutuksia meren elämää.

Tässä kuussa, Shaw saavat kultamitalin palkinnon Society of Women maantieteen. On ollut vain 18 muille vastaanottajille yhteiskunnan kaikkein arvostetuin palkinto sen 85-vuotisen historian aikana, myös lentäjä Amelia Earhartin, primatologi Jane Goodall, antropologi Margaret Mead ja arkeologi Mary Leakey.



BlueVoice.org
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wiley.com
ScienceDirect
MarineBio.org
bio.st-andrews
DFO-mpo
ScienceDirect
MarineMammal

Saturday, November 5, 2011

How Tawakkul Karman earned the 2011 Nobel Prize for peace

How Tawakkul Karman earned the 2011 Nobel Prize for peace

Tawakel Karman , is a Yemeni politician who is a senior member of Al-Islah[2] and a human rights activist who heads the group Women Journalists Without Chains that she created in 2005. She has been a leading figure in organizing protests against President Ali Abdullah Saleh that began in late January as part of a wave of anti-authoritarian revolts that have convulsed the Arab world.

Yemen's Tawakul Karman, the chairwoman of Women Journalists 
Without Chains, shouts slogans during an antigovernment protest 
in Sana'a, Feb. 10, 2011.

One of her sayings: "We are suffering from a ruler who tries to control the country with constitutional amendments that will change Yemen into a monarchy," she tells TIME. Yemen, like Tunisia and Egypt,  needs an end to a dictatorship in the guise of a presidency. Indeed, Ali Abdullah Saleh has been in power since 1978 — one year longer than Mubarak. "The combination of a dictatorship, corruption, poverty and unemployment has created this revolution," she says. "It's like a volcano. Injustice and corruption are exploding while opportunities for a good life are coming to an end."

On her office wall hang portraits of Martin Luther King Jr., Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. "We refuse violence and know that violence has already caused our country countless problems,"

Karman has been protesting every Tuesday since 2007, but she says watching the dictators in Tunisia, then Egypt, fall has given her, and every one in the protest movement, a renewed energy. "The goal is to change the regime by the slogan we learned from the Tunisian revolution, 'The people want the regime to fall.' We are using the same methods and the same words from the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions. They taught us how to become organized."

Tawakul Karman, a 32-year-old mother of three, may seem an unlikely leader of the fight to overthrow the president of Yemen. But the outspoken journalist and human rights activist has long been a thorn in Ali Abdullah Saleh's side, agitating for press freedoms and staging weekly sit-ins to demand the release of political prisoners from jail – a place she has been several times herself.

Now inspired by the uprising in Tunisia and the resignation of Hosni Mubarak in Egypt, she finds herself at the head of a popular protest movement which is shaking the Yemeni regime to its core.

"The extremist people hate me. They speak about me in the mosques and pass round leaflets condemning me as un-Islamic. They say I'm trying to take women away from their houses."

Last year, a woman tried to stab her with a jambiya, a traditional Yemeni dagger, at one of the demonstrations. Karman says her crowds of supporters helped her survive the attack.

"I discovered that wearing the veil is not suitable for a woman who wants to work in activism and the public domain," she says.

"People need to see you, to associate and relate to you. It is not stated in my religion to wear the veil; it is a traditional practice so I took it off."

Her advice for women is not to wait for permission before demanding rights: "If you go to the protests now, you will see something you never saw before: hundreds of women. They shout and sing, they even sleep there in tents. This is not just a political revolution, it's a social revolution."

When Karman was detained by security for organising protests on 22 January, she made the most of a bad situation by chatting to her fellow female detainees about their rights. “I was happy to discover the prison and talk to the prisoners,” she told The Yemen Times after her release.

But perhaps the most inspiring thing about Karman is that she is not speaking up only for Yemeni women, but for Yemeni society as a whole, addressing national grievances such as unemployment and corruption.

Although it is rare for Yemeni women to be taken to jail,  Karman was arrested at her home on Jan. 23, for leading anti-Saleh protests. After widespread protests against her detention, she was released early the next day.

"We cannot achieve democracy and lasting peace in the world unless women obtain the same opportunities as men to influence developments at all levels of society," committee chairman Thorbjoern Jagland told reporters. By citing Karman, the committee also appeared to be acknowledging the effects of the Arab Spring, which has challenged authoritarian regimes across the region. Jagland told The Associated Press that Karman's award should be seen as a signal that both women and Islam have important roles to play in the uprisings. "The Arab Spring cannot be successful without including the women in it," Jagland said.

"I give the prize to the youth of revolution in Yemen and the Yemeni people," Karman told The Associated Press.

Sources:
msnbc.com
alweeam.com
TIME
guardian
mideastposts